Robert of Hauteville, called Guiscard, duke of Apulia

A son of Tancred de Hauteville’s second marriage, he arrived in Italy around 1050 and joined his half-brother Drogo, who was fighting the Byzantines in Calabria, after which he engaged in brigandage. Invested as duke of Apulia by Pope Nicholas II in 1059, he continued the fight against the Byzantines and Lombards. He then supported Pope Gregory VII in the conflict with the German emperor, Henry IV. He died on the island of Cephalonia in 1085 during an attempt to invade the Byzantine empire. He married, first of all, the Norman Alberada, who bore him a son, Bohemond, then the Salernitan princess Sichelgaita, by whom he had Roger Borsa.