King Malcolm Canmore of Scotland (died 1093)

Malcolm III, known as Canmore, meaning 'big head', became undisputed King of Scotland in 1057 after defeating Macbeth (immortalised by Shakespeare's play of that name). During his reign Scotland began to emerge as a kingdom on the Anglo-Norman model. Malcolm's second wife was Margaret, sister of Edgar the Aetheling, and was thus a descendant of England's Anglo-Saxon royal house. In 1070 Malcolm attacked northern England, but in 1072 was forced to submit to William the Conqueror at the Treaty of Abernethy. He made further raids in 1079 before the treaty was renewed at Falkirk in 1080. He invaded Northumberland in 1091 before being forced to do homage to William Rufus for his land in England. In 1093, on his final raid on England, Malcolm was ambushed near Alnwick Castle by the Earl of Mowbray and killed together with Edward his son and heir.